Fragile
X Syndrome
J Tarleton and RA Saul, GeneClinics, March 7, 2008
 [for Professionals mainly]
" ... characterized by moderate mental retardation in affected males and mild mental retardation in affected females ... all mothers of a child with an FMR1 gene full mutation (expansions >230 trinucletide repeats)
are known to be carries of an FMR1 gene expandsion. They and their family members are at increased risk to have children with fragile X syndrome and should be offered DNA-based testing and recurrence risk counseling based on the results. This counseling is extremely complex and should be provided by a knowledgeable genetic professional. Prenatal testing is possible though analysis ... should only be undertaken
after carrier status has been ... (1998)."
Fragile
Site Mental Retardation 1 - FMR1
Victor A. McKusick, OMIM, Johns Hopkins University, November 11, 2007
[for Professionals mainly]
Comprehensive authoritative review mostly for Medical Geneticists.
Diagnostic and
Carrier Testing
Policy Statement by the American College of Medical Genetics, July 26, 1994
[for Professionals mainly]
"... diagnosis ... was originally based on the expression of a folate-sensitive fragile site at Xq27.3 or FRAXA ... complicated by the presence of other fragile sites in the same region of the X chromosome (FRAXD, FRAXE, and FRAXF) ... expansion of the trinucleotide repeat to more than 2000 repeats is almost always associated with methylation ... gene inactivation ... testing should be considered for individuals of either sex with mental retardation especially if there are signs of autism ... or family history of mental retardation ..."
Delayed Diagnosis of Fragile X Syndrome - United States, 1990-1999
MMWR, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, August 23, 2002
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading cause of inherited mental retardation, affecting approximately 50,000 persons in the United States ... FXS occurs when a mutation on the X chromosome is passed from mother to child. Preliminary data suggest that children affected by FXS experience a delay in diagnosis, a pattern common to other single-gene disorders...
This report ...
indicate that approximately half of the families did not learn the diagnosis for more than a year after first concerns about their child's development or behavior, and half reported having subsequent pregnancies before FXS was diagnosed in their first child ...
few children are identified by routine surveillance systems for birth defects and developmental disabilities...
Fragile
X Syndrome and Speech Problems
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association - ASHA.
" ... Delayed speech and language development is often the first indication ... "
Fragile X Syndrome
Stephen M. Edelson, Ph.D., Center for the Study of Autism, Salem, Oregon.
Martin - Bell Syndrome ... 15% to 20% of those with Fragile X Syndrome exhibit autistic-type behaviors, such as poor eye contact, hand-flapping or odd gesture movements, hand-biting, and poor sensory skills. Behavior problems and speech/language delay are common features of Fragile X Syndrome ... also have a number of recognizable physical features, including a high arched palate, strabismus (lazy eye), large ears, long face, large testicles in males, poor muscle tone, flat feet, and sometimes mild, heart valve abnormalities. Although most individuals with Fragile X syndrome have a characteristic 'look' (long face and large ears), there are some who do not have typical features ...
The National Fragile X Foundation (since 1984)
The National Fragile X Foundation, December 8, 2006
Well organized and illustrated 12 pages - a good resource.
FRAXA
Research Foundation Inc.
" ... run by parents ... founded because fragile X research is drastically
underfunded ... "
Fragile X Association of Southern
California
" ... formed to promote public awareness ..."
Health Supervision for Children With Fragile X Syndrome
Committee on Genetics, American Academy of Pediatrics, August 1996
This set of guidelines is designed to assist pediatricians
in caring for children with fragile X syndrome
confirmed by DNA analysis (Table). Occasionally
pediatricians are called on to advise a
pregnant woman who has been informed of a prenatal
diagnosis of fragile X syndrome. Therefore,
guidelines are also offered for this situation ...
FRAXA Research Foundation
Supporting research aimed at treatment of Fragile X Syndrome ...
Fragile X Syndrome
National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, September 07, 2006
frax Online
[German]
Informationen zum fraX-Syndrom sind leider noch recht schwer zu finden (besonders in deutsch) ...
Fragile X Syndrome
I.B.I.S. Birth Defects, 2008
[Ukrainian]
A fact sheet for professionals in Ukrainian
Synonyms ... Clinical picture ... Etilogy ... Pathogenesis ... Associated symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Folic acid treatment ...
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Last Updated: 2008/3/19
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